Land subsidence causes vertical displacements (subsidence or uplift). Although horizontal displacements also come about, They can be typically much less major. The following are field approaches accustomed to measure vertical and horizontal displacements in subsiding places: It is also truly worth noting the difference between subsidence and settlement. Based on https://zanderzyyvr.blog-mall.com/30774819/helping-the-others-realize-the-advantages-of-problems